Edinburgh has more real, currently-running markets than most visitors ever find, because they're scattered across the city and each keeps its own schedule: some weekly, some monthly, one seasonal, two open every single day. This is a directory of the market venues themselves — when each one runs, exactly where to find it, and what it's actually like — rather than a list of individual stalls. If you're after specific street-food vendors and trucks, the best street food in Edinburgh covers those; this guide is about the markets that host them and the dedicated craft, farmers' and food-hall markets alongside them. It sits within the wider things to do in Edinburgh hub if you're planning a broader visit.
The honest shape of Edinburgh's market week: Saturdays are the busiest day, with the Farmers' Market on Castle Terrace, Grassmarket Market and Leith Market all running at once in three different parts of the city. Sundays belong to Stockbridge. Tron Kirk Market on the Royal Mile and the two indoor food halls, Bonnie & Wild and Edinburgh Street Food, are open daily, so they're the fallback if your visit doesn't line up with a Saturday or Sunday. The rest, Castle Street Market's seasonal runs, Ocean Terminal Market and Portobello Market on their monthly weekends, and Out of the Blue's periodic flea market, are worth timing a trip around rather than dropping in on.
One thing worth saying plainly: Edinburgh also runs a large seasonal Christmas market every winter, which is its own separate thing with its own dates, food stalls and ice rink — I've covered that in full in Edinburgh's Christmas markets rather than repeating it here. Everything below runs (or is meant to run) year-round or on its own regular schedule, not just in December.